Understanding Wiring Diagrams for Wiper Motor
A wiper motor is an electromechanical device used in vehicles to move the windshield wipers across the glass of the windshield. Knowledge of electrical wiring diagrams is essential for automobile mechanics and electricians to understand how the motor is wired and connected to the vehicle's power supply. This article provides an overview of how a wiper motor works, and how its wiring diagram can assist in the troubleshooting of common problems.
In modern vehicles, the wiper motor is typically connected to one of two electrical circuits - either directly to the battery or to the vehicle's 12 volt DC power supply. The power source is directed through relays and switches which control both the speed and intensity of the wiper arm movement. To properly diagnose an issue with the wiper motor, it is essential to have a complete understanding of the six basic components - the battery, power source, relay switch, motor, arm, and blade.
Parts of a Wiper Motor
The following parts make up the core components of a wiper motor:
- Battery: The battery provides the power for the wiper motor, typically coming from the vehicle's 12 volt DC power supply.
- Power Source: The power source is the relay switch that allows the motor to start and stop. It also includes the main power lines that connect the motor to the battery.
- Relay Switch: The relay switch is responsible for controlling the speed and intensity of the arm and blade movement.
- Motor: The motor is the core component of the wiper system, providing the force necessary to move the arm and blade in a sweeping motion.
- Arm: The arm is attached to the blade and directly connected to the motor. As the motor turns, the arm applies the necessary force to move the blade.
- Blade: The blade is the only part of the wiper motor that actually wipes the windshield, as the arm moves back and forth in a sweeping motion.
Wiring Diagram for Wiper Motor
An accurate wiring diagram for the wiper motor is essential for proper diagnosis due to the intricate wiring between the individual components. For example, if the blades are not wiping properly, the issue could be related to potentially faulty wiring from the switch, relay, arm, and blade. The following diagram provides an overview of the wiper motor wiring:
Troubleshooting Common Wiper Motor Issues
When a wiper motor malfunctions or begins to act erratically, the first step is to review the wiring diagram to identify potential issues with connections or components. Common issues that may require attention include:
- Faulty relay switch: A faulty relay switch can lead to inconsistent speeds and erratic movements from the arm and blade, often manifesting as slower blades or an uneven wiping pattern.
- Broken connections: Broken connections are a leading cause of wiper motor failure. Inspect the wiring diagram regularly to ensure all connections are secure.
- Insufficient power supply: If the power supply to the motor is too low, it may not be able to generate enough force to move the arm and blade at the desired speed.
Conclusion
Understanding the wiring diagram of a wiper motor is key when troubleshooting the device. Knowing the purpose of the battery, power source, relay switch, motor, arm, and blade will help diagnose the root cause of any malfunction or erratic behaviour with the motor. By familiarizing oneself with the components and their respective wiring diagram, it can save time and money in the long run when identifying and addressing potential issues.
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